Darkness Around Mouth: Causes & How to Treat It

Understanding the Causes of Darkening Around the Mouth

This type of skin discoloration is not always just a cosmetic issue; it can stem from various underlying factors. Identifying the root cause is essential for choosing the most appropriate treatment.

Common Culprits Behind Perioral Hyperpigmentation

• Saliva Irritation: Constant exposure to saliva, especially while sleeping (drooling), can irritate the delicate skin around the mouth. The enzymes in saliva, while helpful in digestion, can cause inflammation and lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
• Lip Licking and Rubbing: Frequent licking of the lips, or constant rubbing of the skin around the mouth due to habit, can also cause irritation and lead to darkening. This is because the repeated friction damages the skin's protective barrier, triggering melanin production. Frequent pursing and smacking the lips may also have similar affects.
• Perioral Dermatitis: This inflammatory skin condition manifests as small, red bumps around the mouth and can cause post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation once the bumps subside. The use of strong topical steroids can exacerbate this condition.

Deeper Issues: Systemic and Dermatological Conditions

• Acanthosis Nigricans: This skin condition presents as areas of dark, velvety discoloration in body folds and creases, such as the neck, armpits, groin, and, sometimes, around the mouth. It's often associated with insulin resistance and diabetes.
• Macular Amyloidosis: A rare skin condition where amyloid (a protein) deposits in the skin, leading to hyperpigmentation. It commonly appears on the upper back and extremities but can also affect the skin around the mouth.
• Contact Dermatitis: Allergic reactions to products like lip balms, toothpaste, or even certain foods can cause inflammation and subsequent darkening of the skin.
• Fixed Drug Eruption: Certain medications can cause a recurring rash in the same location each time the drug is taken. This rash often leaves behind a dark spot once it heals.
• Steroid Cream Use: Long-term use of strong topical steroids can thin the skin, making it more susceptible to sun damage and hyperpigmentation.
• Constitutional Factors: Sometimes, darkening around the mouth is simply a hereditary trait with no underlying cause. Those with a familial history of uneven skin tone may experience this.

Addressing the Underlying Causes

The most effective way to combat darkening around the mouth is to identify and address the root of the problem. Here's how:

Tackling Saliva-Induced Darkening

If drooling is the primary concern, using a thick moisturizer like petroleum jelly before sleep can create a barrier to protect the skin from constant saliva exposure.

Managing Irritation and Allergies

Break the habit of licking or rubbing your lips. If contact dermatitis is suspected, identify and avoid the offending product. Using bland, fragrance-free skincare is also crucial.

Consulting a Dermatologist for Skin Conditions

Perioral dermatitis, acanthosis nigricans, and macular amyloidosis require a professional diagnosis and treatment plan. A dermatologist can prescribe appropriate topical medications and address underlying systemic issues.

Identifying and Avoiding Steroids

Avoid using over-the-counter steroid creams on your face, and never for prolonged periods without medical supervision. If a steroid cream has thinned out your skin and caused darkening, ask your dermatologist for a gentler skincare regimen to help restore your skin's barrier function.

Topical Treatments for Lightening Darkened Skin

Once the underlying cause is addressed, topical treatments can help fade hyperpigmentation and even out skin tone.

Effective Over-the-Counter Ingredients

• Kojic Acid: A natural skin lightener derived from fungi.
• Arbutin: A derivative of hydroquinone, known for its brightening properties.
• Niacinamide: A form of vitamin B3 that helps improve skin tone and reduce hyperpigmentation.
• Vitamin C: A potent antioxidant that brightens the skin and protects against free radical damage.

Always follow the instructions on the product label and consider doing a patch test before applying any new topical treatment to your entire face.

Prescription-Strength Solutions

A dermatologist can prescribe stronger treatments for more stubborn hyperpigmentation, including:

• Tretinoin (Retin-A): A potent retinoid that increases cell turnover and can help fade dark spots.
• Hydroquinone: A powerful skin-lightening agent, but should be used with caution and under a doctor's supervision due to potential side effects.

Chemical Peels

Chemical peels are another in-office option to consider for darkening around the mouth and general hyperpigmentation.

Home Remedies for Mild Darkening

While professional treatments offer more powerful results, certain home remedies may help improve mild hyperpigmentation and overall skin health.

Natural Skin Brighteners

• Tomato Juice: Tomatoes contain lycopene, an antioxidant with skin-brightening properties. Apply tomato juice to the affected area for 15-20 minutes, then rinse.
• Potato Juice: Potatoes contain enzymes that can help lighten the skin. Grate a potato, squeeze out the juice, and apply it to the darkened area for 15-20 minutes before rinsing.
• Yogurt and Honey Mask: Yogurt contains lactic acid, a gentle exfoliant, while honey has anti-inflammatory properties. Mix equal parts yogurt and honey, apply to the skin, leave for 15-20 minutes, then rinse.
• Lemon Juice: Diluted lemon juice has natural bleaching properties, but use it cautiously as it can be irritating to the skin. Never apply it before sun exposure. Always dilute it with water and follow with moisturizer.

Important Note: Always test a small area of skin for sensitivity before applying any new treatment, especially if you have sensitive skin.

Preventing Future Darkening

Prevention is key to maintaining an even skin tone.

Sun Protection is Paramount

Regardless of the cause of hyperpigmentation, sunscreen is non-negotiable. Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher every day, even on cloudy days. Reapply every two hours, especially if you're spending time outdoors.

Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

A balanced diet, adequate hydration, and sufficient sleep can contribute to overall skin health and resilience. If you are dealing with Acanthosis Nigricans, consider working towards weight loss if you are overweight as well as checking your blood glucose levels.

Conclusion

Darkening around the mouth can be a frustrating skin concern, but understanding its potential causes and exploring appropriate remedies can help improve the condition. From addressing underlying irritation and skin conditions to using topical treatments and home remedies, a multifaceted approach can lead to a more even and radiant complexion. Prevention, primarily through consistent sun protection, is vital for maintaining long-term results. When in doubt, consult a dermatologist to determine the best course of action for your specific skin type and concerns.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Can toothpaste cause darkening around my mouth?

Yes, some individuals experience contact dermatitis from ingredients in toothpaste, such as fluoride or flavoring agents. This can lead to irritation and subsequent darkening around the mouth. If you suspect your toothpaste is the culprit, try switching to a hypoallergenic, fluoride-free option.

Q: Is darkening around the mouth a sign of aging?

While some degree of skin tone changes can occur with age, darkening around the mouth is more commonly related to specific triggers like sun exposure, irritation, or underlying skin conditions, rather than just aging.

Q: Are home remedies safe for everyone?

While generally safe, home remedies may cause irritation in some individuals. Always perform a patch test on a small area of skin before applying to the entire face. Discontinue use if you experience any redness, itching, or burning.

Q: How long does it take to see results from topical treatments?

It typically takes several weeks or even months to see noticeable results from topical treatments for hyperpigmentation. Consistency is key, so continue using the products as directed, and protect your skin from the sun.

Q: When should I see a dermatologist for darkening around my mouth?

If the darkening is severe, accompanied by other symptoms like bumps or itching, or doesn't improve with over-the-counter treatments and lifestyle changes, it's best to consult a dermatologist. They can accurately diagnose the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment options.